Systems and Cultural Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Systems and Cultural Investigation - Essay Example This paper seeks to analyze the cultural systems that exist in healthcare organizations The term system is a set of interrelated, interacting or interdependent elements that may be used to work together in a certain work environment to perform a particular task that is required by the systems aim. Systems can be improved all the time but before it is improved one must consider knowing how its products are created, the reasons why they are created and how they can be improved. Many systems work under some set of principles so as to help us understand how they behave, for example, the whole system may have one or more of the defining functions. Each part of the system can affect the characters and behaviors of the whole system. Also, it is equally important to note that behaviors and properties of just one part of the system can be very dependent on the behavior of the other parts of the system. Each part of the system may necessarily but may be insufficient to operate alone so as to carry out fully the defining role of the whole system. Healthcare system is often very cumbersome and opaque to their users including patients, nurses, and even the physicians. It best described as complex adaptive systems because they are collections of the individuals who are very free to act in various ways that are unpredictable. The boundaries of the organization can be very fuzzy since membership changes and providers of the services can simultaneously be members of other sub-systems. Given the complexity of these sub-systems, the action of the individual teams are much interconnected so that the action of one sub-system can change the whole context of the other sub-systems. Microsystem may change over time so that it can respond to the needs of their patients, staff members and the external pressure from the surrounding environment. They try to coexist properly with other

On being the youngest Essay Example for Free

On being the youngest Essay I hate being the baby! Thats a common statement one hears all too often. Im the youngest one in my family,and the only girl among two brothers at that. Quite a number of my friends are the eldest among their siblings, and from what Ive heard from them, their little sisters and brothers are probably just a few years away from the friendly neighbourhood psychiatrist. What with all the abuse, its a miracle how they avoid becoming physically and emotionally retarded. ( sorry guys, I just had to stand up for those poor kids! ). However, I firmly believe that every cloud has a silver lining, even if its not always visible. Being the youngest, we do gain a few vital skills to survive in this dog eat dog world. In the process of getting pinched, slapped, punched, and kicked around by our older siblings, we develop a strong retaliation mindset that keeps us from being obliterated by our demented siblings. You decapitated my Tropical Swimsuit Barbie ? Look, your Hot Wheels were so hot, they melted! Undoubtedly, my brothers have suffered the wrath of my active self-defence mechanism more than once. Even if I fail to get back at them physically (Im just a gentle, innocent girl, okay? ), I generally make sure they pay by spiriting away their beloved possessions. Its amazing how many nooks and crannies one can find in a standard double- storeyed house. Sure, its mean, petty, spiteful and selfish, but hey, who ever said anything about being an angel? Once, I remember grabbing hold of a handful of my brothers beloved computer games and throwing them over the gate onto the path of an incoming car. I got a pretty good hiding for it, but ahhh, the satisfying sound of cds cracking under pressure out-weighed the punishment by about a hundred times. As the youngest, we are the worker ants around the house. That is, when our parents are not in. As a result, we acquire very important characteristics such as being responsible, efficient, hardworking, etc. Theres this really misguided notion that the queen bees are always the responsible ones. All they do is to order us around, belting out commands like a drill sergeant. Being the only girl in the household during my mums absence, I get ample preparation for a future married life (or as one would think, a future career as a house-maid ). Being the youngest too means that my brothers become deaf to any kind- hearted suggestions I have to increase their work efficiency. (eg. Why dont you just get your lazy butt off the floor? ) With all the practice we get, most of us have the persuading skills of a politician. I find this especially useful when Im short of pocket money. After a few minutes of manja-ing, my purse would be filled to the brim again! (Like magic! ) I guess this is a privilege available only to us. Somehow, older siblings who act manja are not generally accepted by society. Those who have the audacity to do so are usually met with the curt dont-pretend-to-be-cute reply. Still, not everything we gain by being the youngest is good. Havent you noticed? The youngest one is almost always the fattest. Sadly, Im a living testament to this. While both my brothers are lean, slim and thin, Ive always been kind of chubby my whole life. The last cookie left? Let your sis have it lar. The last piece of pizza? Give your sis All this food stuffing has left its mark on me physically. (Sigh) Well, I guess you just cant have your cake and eat it too literally. All in all, I think life was intended to be a bed of roses for us young ones. Unfortunately though, a few durian husks got in the mix. However, at the end of the day, what really matters is having a family that loves you and cares for you, regardless of whether youre the eldest, the youngest, the in betweens, or even the only child.

The Journey To Becoming A Nurse Nursing Essay

The Journey To Becoming A Nurse Nursing Essay My intellectual interests, academic and, professional objectives encouraged me to pick my field of study in healthcare, to be specific, the profession of nursing. During adolescence, children are encouraged to consider various majors and future career options. Some mature fast and realize their goals during early adolescence, some realize it mid-adolescence and, others late. I was uncertain about my career path during my early stages. However, my passion for the medical field was and still is firm. I come from a family made up physicians, pharmacists, nurses, laboratory technicians, and physician assistants; this, of course, influenced my familiarity with science majors.   With such an interest in mind, I began volunteering in hospitals at a young age, where I was surrounded by patients who approached me for assistance. I was able to assist the patients to the doctors office and always tried to have a conversation with the patient. In such an occurrence, I embraced the feeling of n eed and comfort from those whom I have helped. One notable experience that I have had was caring for my grandmother, who was difficult to cope with due to her massive mood swings and impatience. I knew she trusted and depended on me as she clutched my hands for guidance. At that time I knew I want to definitely take part in medical field. Therefore, I decided to take up field in health care profession after undergraduate studies. Passion, determination, and patience are important key terms to succeed in a health care profession: these characteristics work to my advantage. During my academic life, I continued exploring majors that would fit my goal. After much discussion with my college advisors, I came across Letters, Arts and Sciences at Abington College. As I researched further into the degree, I was sure I wanted to do LASAB. This is my chance to challenge myself by creating my own major that will help me fulfill my requirements for post- graduate studies, in nursing career. This academic helped me to find the way to the right career path that will introduce me to the healthcare world where it ______ me to earn a masters degree after finishing my bachelors. Over the course of my undergraduate studies, I have taken many courses that have helped me grasp the phenomena of science and patient care. College opened a new chapter in my life, a chapter filled with science. I comprehend with the facts and theories of the human body and admire the discoveries of new cause of illness and treatments which becomes a great advantage to the world as a whole. College life has made a great input in my life by helping me enter adulthood and gradually learning to cope with stress, manage time, and make responsible decisions for myself. The four core areas of the Letters, Arts, and Sciences major are Research Methods/ Projects Critical Analysis Communication Skills Theory/ Application Skills The courses that I have chosen to apply to these core requirements will fulfill the requirement for this degree and will benefit me in my planner Nursing career. The skills I gained from these courses are fundamental to becoming successful in a health care profession. Research is a process of study or examination of a subject from different points of view.  I have selected Microbiology 107; Elementary Microbiology Laboratory, and Chemistry 111 and 113; Experimental Chemistry to the Research Methods/ Projects to fulfill the core requirement. Microbiology 107: Elementary Microbiology Laboratory gave me an introduction about microbes. I learned the importance and the proper handling of microorganisms through demonstrations and working on each experiment. The lab has also helped me to identify and count bacteria, effects of chemical and physical agents on microorganisms. This course has helped me learn the importance of controlling microbial growth on peoples bodies and how failure to do so can lead to the spread of disease, especially in the hospital setting. Chemistry 111 and 113: Experimental Chemistry introduced me to chemicals and challenging experiments. It helped me better understand how to interpret data about various experiments that dealt with introductory chemistry. I learned to write a formal laboratory report, interpretation of data using statistics, and an appreciation for what instruments can do. Each of these courses will help me focus on areas that are relevant in the medical field. International Studies 100 fulfills to the Critical Analysis core requirement.  I believe it is important to be able to understand people and their background/culture, especially when working in the health-care profession. There is a great chance of meeting people from different diversity in my field. As a health care professional, I must learn and know about patients cultures while I treat them. This course has given me a basic understanding of the many cultures and their global issues, such as financial crisis, racism, health issues, and human rights issues. This course helped me to connect with different cultures, their domestic issues, and responses to human rights violations. In a hospital setting, health care professionals are faced with patients that have many different issues and one main issue would be race. Health-care professionals must understand that all come from different culture with different issues; therefore, we should not be judged by the race because we are all humans. We must treat people equally. We will be able to connect to patients better and help them deal with their illnesses better if we are knowledgeable about their culture. The course will help me to understand everyone better.   I apply INART001, Integrative Arts into the core requirement of communications skills. This course helped me to develop critical perception, knowledge, and judgments through examining the basic arts through communication. Communication is very important and this course helped me to communicate in both art and non- art situations. When one thinks of the health care, a complex array of professions come into mind. In order for all these professions to provide the best possible care for their patients, communication between them is vital. For example, suppose a patient has a penicillin allergy and the doctor ordered a medication that is a penicillin derivative. In that case, the pharmacist calls the doctor and a new medication is prescribed. This course helped me communicate in simple way that others will understand and gave me more confident. During my internship at the hospital, I noticed that communication is very important and presenting a simple communication will help the patie nt understand the nurse better. On the other side, Integrative arts such as art, music, dance or drama introduced as Art therapy in health care. This therapy was used to help child survivors of Hurricane Katrina overcome mental traumas and people with schizophrenia BBC news.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I place Anthropology 45, Cultural anthropology to the core requirement of Theory/Application skills. As I mentioned earlier, it is important to be able to understand people when working in the health-care profession. All societies have rules, standards, conventions and beliefs. Studying anthropology allowed me to understand how social culture work. As a health care professional, it is important to understand the society, government, religion and their culture. This course focused on human culture; I learned to appreciate cultural diversity. An in-depth knowledge into the human culture is especially important in todays health care, especially in a diverse country like the United States. Take, for example, the culture of Jehovahs Witnesses. This denomination prohibits blood transfusions for their believers. Respecting their wishes, hospitals now have bloodless surgeries where newer techniques have been developed that do not require blood transfusions, even for m ajor invasive surgeries like coronary artery bypass graft. Also in this day, a healthcare provider sees patients from various countries and various cultures. Something considered elementary in a culture might be considered taboo in another. For example, in the American society women have the same rights as men and considered capable to make their own decisions, as where in some cultures, its the man who makes the decisions in the family. In cases like this a healthcare provider must respect the differences and work with their patient to provide what is the best possible care for their female patients. Therefore, I must understand the rules and beliefs of other cultures so I can understand the patients better.   Everyday people face many different types of problems. It could be physical, emotional or mental stress. As a health care professional, it is important to understand the reasons for those problems and assisting the exact treatment Psychology is the science that enables me to connect to an individual through the mind to understand and deal with the mental processes and behavior of individual human beings. I have chosen five 400 level courses from three areas that relate to my theme. Those are Kinesiology 445: Alcohol and Drug Education, Psychology 470: Abnormal Psychology, Psychology 424: Applied Social psychology, Counselor Education 401: Foundations of Chemical Dependency Counseling, and Biology 495. Kinesiology 445: Alcohol and Drug Education helped me to understand and learn more about many types of drugs and alcohol uses not only in the American society but worldwide. Moreover, it has taught the drug physiology, drug-related health effects and issues related to social and psychological effects of drug use and abuse. Alcohol and Drug can affect peoples lives so fast. I did a research paper about Alcohol and drug, as part of the research I surveyed twenty neighbors and 80% of them addicted to alcohol and drugs. Most of them were addicted due to stress but some of them started out as a fun hobby. Many people find Alcohol and Drug as a solution to their problems. Therefore, I will definitely come across many patients that are addicted to alcohol and drugs. I am sure I am able to use the fundamental information from this course and apply it to the patients I might come across in my professional field. Another challenging course was Psychology 470: Abnormal Psychology has taught me the understanding of types of abnormal experience and behavior personality, as well as mental and psychotic disorders that impact multiple areas of a human life that might not be able to be diagnosed on a personal basis.  The most common disorders are Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Eating disorder, Autistic Disorder, Borderline personality disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. This course is mostly focused on the identification, treatment and understanding of abnormal behavior and psychopathology. It taught me the different diagnoses of types of behaviors, and it will definitely help me in my health profession, especially if I decided work on psychiatric department. Psychology 424: Applied Social psychology, gave me an overview of social psychological theories and research methods to field settings and to the study of social issues. It taught me how to conduct a survey and analyze a report based on a study. It has also helped me to understand the social life and how psychology applied to social life every day. Especially in health care settings, I must apply social psychology to understand social and practical problems thats happening around us. I must be motivated , making sense of my co-workers, social perceptions, and understanding the bias order for me to perform a satisfaction job that will draws a general impression for my characteristic such as intelligence. Counselor Education 401: Foundations of Chemical Dependency Counseling introduced me to the concept related to drug and alcohol dependency, diagnosis and assessment, its prevention, counseling and treatment of dependencies. It has helped me to understand how to deal with that are addicted to various types of drugs like cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines. A person becomes chemically dependent due to several factors such as environment, psychological, or genetic. Health care provide residential, outpatient, extended, and aftercare treatments for someone who is chemically dependent. On the other side, Twelve-Step meetings are available for those who interested in self-help recovery. I was assigned to attend a Twelve-Step meeting for Alcoholics Anonymous(AA). The stores that I heard during the meetings were depressing because they were so addicted to alcohol and regret their past. This meeting is part of the treatment to be sober. Chemical dependency is chronic and can be fatal. Somet imes, chemical dependency affects health care professionals and co-workers are aware of the signs and symptoms. I have selected Nutrition 251, Sociology 035, and Biology 110 to full fill the humanities and the social science area. Nutrition 251, Introductory Principles of Nutrition, is a course that gave me more knowledge on principles of nutrition. This course broadens my knowledge about the physiological functions and food sources that related to human growth. It helped me to focus on my nutrition better and stay healthier. Especially in healthcare, it is important to make sure the patient is getting the right amount of nutrition. If the patients nutrition is imbalanced, it can cause diarrhea and risk of infection. Therefore all the knowledge that I learned from this class about nutrition will help me to provide a better nutrition life style to my patients. Sociology 035, is the study of aging in older people. The common beliefs, aspects of aging, how economy and family influence the aging process. The course helped me to be more kind, warm and practical with people .A nurse must be kind, sympathetic and compassionate because when I work with patients it will give me better knowledge on how to deal with everyone. I have compared facts that I learned from this class with my parents and grandparents behavior, which helped me understand them better. For example, as my grandparent get old, the chances of them listening to their kids are rare. Even if they are right or wrong , they want the kids to accept it. Once the kids get married and leave the house, the parents starting a new life where they are bonding more to each other. Thats something I have noticed in my grandparents life. All the knowledge that I acquired from this course will help me understand older peoples relation to others and how they would accept the world to live their li fe. Biology 110, Basic Concepts and Biodiversity, taught me the foundation of the basic concept of evolution. It gave me an understanding of living organisms, how genetic processes provide continuity between generations and how evolutionary processes take place. This course includes both lecture and lab. It is the study of living organisms; all life depends on certain physiological and chemical functions. To work in healthcare you must have a basic understanding of the underlying principles of life. These courses that I have listed above are important in my future education that I plan on focusing on after graduation. In health care, it is critical that students understand any individuals different characteristics and behaviors before I respond to patients symptoms. As a capstone course: BIOL 495, I have an internship, at Temples Jeanes Hospital in North East Philadelphia a. As an intern at the hospital, I have been assigned to the same day surgery unit department with patients. This opportunity will also allow me to work with professional staff and patients. It is my duty to go to each patient to check on them to make sure they are doing great because they are recovering from the surgery. Sometimes they would ask juice/water and some of them might need to use the rest room so it is my responsibility to take care of them. Meanwhile, I go with the nurses to each patients room when they go over the surgery procedures and learn how pre admission is done on a patient. I will be attending to the needs of patients that are undergoing different procedures and an opportunity to interact with surgeons, physician assistants, and nurses. It also will be hands on experience with all the skills and materials that I have learned in the courses that I have lis ted in this proposal   In conclusion, I feel that my education has shaped my life to what is today and these courses listed have gave me a better understanding about medical issues happening in this world. Health care profession is not a relaxing profession but demanding and stressful occupation, yet I am ready to face the various situations I may be in and become stronger and wiser in my profession and as a person. It is also a profession where every day I am guaranteed to touch a life or be touched by the lives of others. Letters, Arts, and Sciences at Abington will help me reach my goals after my undergraduate education is complete.

How does a permanent magnet work? :: essays research papers

Some materials have a feature known as ferromagnetism. The prefix "ferro" refers to Iron, which is one such material. Ferromagnetic materials have the ability to "remember" the magnetic fields they have been subjected to. An atom consists of a number of negatively charged electrons, orbiting around a positively charged nucleus. These electrons also possess a quantity known as spin, which is roughly analogous to a spinning top. The combination of orbital and spin motions is called the angular momentum of the electron. Angular momentum is perhaps most easily understood in the case of the Earth: The earth spins about a central axis, which means it at has an angular momentum around that axis. The planets also have an angular momentum as they revolve about the sun. Now, the angular momentum of an electron is a vector quantity, meaning it has direction. The motion of the electron produces a current, which in turn generates a tiny magnetic field in the direction given by the angular momentum. Thus an atom can behave like a dipole, meaning "two poles". The direction of the orbital and spin angular momentum of the electron determine the direction of the magnetic field for the electron and the entire atom, thus giving it "north" and "south" poles. Different atoms have different arrangements of electrons into their orbits, and thus have different angular momenta and dipolar properties. A ferromagnetic material is composed of many microscopic magnets known as domains. Each domain is a region of the magnet, consisting of numerous atomic dipoles, all pointing in the same direction. A strong magnetic field will align the domains of a ferromagnet, or in other words, magnetize it. Once the magnetic field is removed, the domains will remain aligned, resulting in a permanent magnet. This effect is known as hysteresis. Few materials are actually ferromagnetic; however, all substances have a diamagnetic nature. Diamagnetism means that the molecules within a substance will align themselves to an external magnetic field. The external magnetic field induces currents within the material, which in turn result in an internal magnetic field in the opposite direction. This effect is usually quite small and disappears when the external magnetic field is removed. Some materials are paramagnetic. This is the case when the orbital and spin motions of the electrons in a material do not fully cancel each other, so that the individual atoms act like magnetic dipoles.

Essential Components of Effective Marketing Information System Essay

A marketing information system (MIS) is intended to bring together disparate items of data into a coherent body of information. An MIS is, as will shortly be seen, more than raw data or information suitable for the purposes of decision making. An MIS also provides methods for interpreting the information the MIS provides. Moreover, as Kotler’s1 definition says, an MIS is more than a system of data collection or a set of information technologies: A marketing information system is a continuing and interacting structure of people, equipment and procedures to gather, sort, analyse, evaluate, and distribute pertinent, timely and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers to improve their marketing planning, implementation, and control†. Figure below describes the major components of an MIS, the environmental factors monitored by the system and the types of marketing decision which the MIS seeks to underpin. The marketing information systems and its subsystems The explanation of this model of an MIS begins with a description of each of its four main constituent parts: the internal reporting systems, marketing research system, marketing intelligence system and marketing models. It is suggested that whilst the MIS varies in its degree of sophistication – with many in the industrialised countries being computerised and few in the developing countries being so – a fully fledged MIS should have these components, the methods (and technologies) of collection, storing, retrieving and processing data notwithstanding. Internal reporting systems: All enterprises which have been in operation for any period of time nave a wealth of information. However, this information often remains under-utilised because it is compartmentalised, either in the form of an individual entrepreneur or in the functional departments of larger businesses. That is, information is usually categorised according to its nature so that there are, for example, financial, production, manpower, marketing, stockholding and logistical data. Often the entrepreneur, or various personnel working in the functional departments holding these pieces of data, do not see how it could help decision makers in other functional areas. Similarly, decision makers can fail to appreciate how information from other functional areas might help them and therefore do not request it. The internal records that are of immediate value to marketing decisions are: orders received, stockholdings and sales invoices. These are but a few of the internal records that can be used by marketing managers, but even this small set of records is capable of generating a great deal of information.

Career Research Essay.

Career Research Essay. Thesis:Since the resent attacks on our country, the State Department has increased the need for Regional Security Officers at American Chanceries. As a young man, I enlisted into the Marine Corps to start my life, because I had nothing. From that time, I have encountered many people and opportunities that have directed me to the point that I am now. I have learned what I want to do with myself and that is to protect and lead what I can to make a difference. I want to protect democracy and our interest over seas so that our way of life will never be tampered with again.This next segment was researched to help me understand and pursue the path I have chosen. The paragraph will cover the different categories of requirements that have to be met. They cover everything from career development, duties, educational requirements, and salary with benefits.Badges of U.S. Diplomatic Security - Special Agent...Career Research.Since the resent attacks on our country, the State Department has in cr eased the need for Regional Security Officers at American Chanceries and Consulates. Diplomatic Security Special Agents (DSS) are specially trained Foreign Service security professionals; they are also sworn Federal law enforcement officers. Overseas, as a Regional Security Officer (RSO), they advise ambassadors on all security matters and manage a complex range of security programs designed to protect personnel, facilities, and information. In the U.S., Special Agents protect the Secretary of State and visiting foreign dignitaries, investigate passport and visa fraud, and conduct personnel security investigations.All Special Agents must complete approximately six months of initial training at the Diplomatic Security Training Center in the Washington, DC area and the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Brunswick, Georgia. The training program develops and tests proficiency in job related subjects that includes criminal law, federal court procedures, and...

Important Analytical Essay Factors

Important Analytical Essay Factors Important Analytical Essay Factors An analytical essay is one of the four main essays used in academic writing. This type of essay provides a thorough examination of a piece of media and later adds a personal interpretation. Analytical essays are mainly used for pieces that are open for discussion like an opinion, quotation, poem, story, lyric, and other similar types of written literature. When creating this type of essay, the writer must aim to make their it comprehensive and engaging. This prevents the reader from becoming overwhelmed and potentially losing interest. In order to write a captivating analytical essay, here are some factors to consider: Scope and limitation. After introducing the topic of discussion, set boundaries for your areas of focus. This helps you establish the tone of your essay without having later difficulty. Cite sources. After introducing the topic, cite sources that support your argument as you expand upon or analyze each point. Sources may include author’s quotes from an interview or additional information found in reliable publications. Use sources to support your interpretation. While this part of the essay is subjective, citing sources that support your theory can help compel and convince the reader. Finish with a relative conclusion. Whether your essay supports or dismisses a particular interpretation, finish the essay by restating the author’s intention and your analysis in the conclusion. Analytical essays require time and extensive research. They benefit from a distinctive writing style with a balance of fact and opinion while keeping the reader engaged. understands that writing analytical essays require time and effort. When you need essay help, we use the most current sources and provide quality and original work. Our writing services help you lighten your academic load by providing prompt and engaging essays and other academic papers.

The eNotes Blog Key Questions to Ask While ReadingKeats

Key Questions to Ask While ReadingKeats With so much classic literature out there, it can be difficult to know what to read and where to begin. Here at , weve recently been reading the poems of John Keats, and were confident youll love them as much as we do. Getting started with Keatss work can be daunting, and youll probably have some questions before you dive in.  Fortunately, we have answers. 1. Who in the World Is Keats? John Keats was an English poet who lived during the early 19th century. Orphaned as a child and tasked with the care of his four younger siblings, Keats chose the stable life of a surgeon. However, Keats became so passionate about poetry that he left his life behind, devoting himself entirely to writing. Spurred on by a worsening case of tuberculosis, Keats composed a breathtaking body of poems before dying at just twenty-five. In the decades after his death, Keats came to be known as one of the greatest poets of the Romantic era and of English literature in general. 2. What’s the Deal with â€Å"Romantic† Poetry Anyways? â€Å"Romantic† poetry doesn’t mean poetry penned by lovestruck paramours, though that’s sometimes true. Romantic poetry comes from the literary movement of Romanticism, which took hold in England in the late 18th century. The Romantics- from William Blake and William Wordsworth to Percy Shelley and Lord Byron- wrote verse that expressed a passion for the natural world, sublime experience, the artistic process, and classical history. Though he was largely unrecognized in his time, John Keats has come to be known as a quintessential Romantic poet. 3. â€Å"Blushful Hippocrene†? â€Å"Dales of Arcady†? What Is He Talking About? Like many of his fellow Romantics, John Keats held a deep fascination with the world of classical antiquity. Keats particularly loved the world of ancient Greece, its many gods and myths. Many of Keats’s most famous poems are filled with references to Greek stories and places. So when you’re reading Keats, be sure to keep a guide to Greek mythology close at hand. 4. Wait, What’s Even the Point of Reading This Stuff? Keats’s poetry confronts some of the biggest themes in life. In his best poetry, Keats investigates the  ache of love, the enormity of history, the mystery of melancholy, and the inevitability of death. Keats’s poems will stun you with their insight and draw you more deeply into life. Plus the rhymes are great! 5. Will Reading Keats Change My Life? Probably.

HR needs of Natural Knibbles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HR needs of Natural Knibbles - Essay Example Aside from Furthermore, the same technology can be used to enable Cherrie to manage employee benefit packages that are effective in terms of motivating its existing employees to support the challenges the company is about to encounter. Among the HR issues and challenges that Natural Knibbles need to address includes: (1) the need to implement human resource information management system (HRIMS) that is tailored to the company’s current HR needs (Matthews: 140); (2) risk of facing the business consequences caused by resistance-to-change; (3) need to establish a strong organizational culture that strongly supports organizational learning, work flexibility and adaptation to organizational change; (4) significance of transformational leadership skills in the implementation of new HR strategies; and (5) importance of establishing a new organizational vision and mission. The problem with implementing HRIMS lies behind the possibility wherein some of the company’s existing employee may find it difficult to learn how to use new technologies. Although the use of HRIMS could enhance employees ability to improve the quality of their products and services rendered to the customers (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012: 54), the success of implementing HRIMS is highly dependent on the willingness of its employees to embrace change. Because of their fear of changing their usual working practices, some of them may refuse to adapt to the required organizational change. Because of the risk wherein, Brandon and Cherrie would face business consequences associated with resistance-to-change, Cherrie should be able to establish a strong organizational culture that strongly supports organizational learning, work flexibility and adaptation to organizational change. With this in mind, the process of making organizational learning such as peer coaching and work flexibility a part of the company’s culture can make its employees more open to organizational changes  (Richardson 2009: 138; Zepeda 2007: 227; Zepada & Mayers 2004: 33).

Food security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food security - Essay Example This paper aims at looking at the effect of consumption of junk food in the USA. Over the past years, it has been noted that the rate at which obesity cases have been increasing in the United States of America is wanting. One of the reasons as to why this trend is believed to exist is because of the increase in the rate at which the United States of America consumes junk food (Smith 111). A research carried in the year 2010 by a journal, it was found that a fast food lunch package for a single person would have calorie content of up to 850 calories (Lambert 2). However, recent studies have discovered that the calorie content would get to 1000 calories. Given the fact that women usually need less calories daily as compared to men they are the most affected by the consumption of junk food (Napoli 3). According to a study that was carried out in the year 2012 junk food consumption was discovered to be the most common of the behavioral causes of obesity in the USA (Pereira 38). Apart from the fact that the consumption of junk food is commonly associated with obesity, excessive consumption of junk food can also lead to diseases such as diabetes. This is particularly very true for the case of junk food consumers in the United States of America (Collins). According to a study carried out by Lancet people who consume junk food about four times in a week have higher risks of getting type 2 diabetes. This is particularly backed by studies that were carried out by a number of hospitals in the United States of America, which led to the discovery that a majority of patients that were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were regular junk food consumers (Currie 22). The reason given for this increase is the fact that people who consume junk food regularly gain more weight, which lead to an increase in insulin resistance (St-Onge, Keller, and Heymsfield 1071). This state occurs as a result of the failure of the hormone insulin in the regulation of the levels of glucose

Marketing Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Marketing Planning - Essay Example ............................................ 3.0 How are we going to get there?.................................................................................. 4.0 Implementation........................................................................................................... 5.0 Ethical issues............................................................................................................... 6.0 Possible problems........................................................................................................ References Appendix Marketing Plan: Sainsbury’s 1.0 Introduction J Sainsbury Plc is a supermarket chain in the United Kingdom currently maintaining a 15 percent market share (Thompson 2010). Sainsbury competes with major supermarkets such as Tesco, Morrison’s and Asda. Tesco, the company’s main competitor holding 28 percent of market share in the UK for this industry, has maintained its leadership position through innovation in p roduct and service delivery as well as global brand loyalty. Sainsbury offers traditional products in the food category and has recently diversified to include clothing styles that are exclusive to the supermarket. Sainsbury is recognised not only for its high quality products, but for its emphasis on corporate social responsibility which provides the company with a positive brand reputation. However, Sainsbury’s is unable to outperform its main competition, which is attributable to lack of effective promotion. This marketing plan focuses on building revenues through marketing of the company’s new clothing line, branded under the name Tu. The Tu line targets young adult female consumers, providing lightweight and contemporary clothing with a fashion-forward design and motif. The company had, until recently, believed that the Tu line was a â€Å"stand alone brand† (Sainsbury 2011, p.3). However, the Tu clothing line cannot support revenue growth for the supermark et chain without creating a brand personality and developing a more effective promotional campaign. 2.0 The marketing plan This section highlights the rebranding strategy necessary to achieve brand recognition and brand preference in the young female target market and relevant audits of the current situation faced by the Tu clothing line. 2.1 Current situation Currently, the Tu clothing line provides Sainsbury with ?680 million in sales revenues (Reid 2013). This is insignificant considering the costs of distribution, manufacture and importation of materials utilised for production. Sainsbury is attempting to compete with such companies as Marks & Spencer and Zara which produce similar fashion merchandise under a fast fashion model. These competing organisations have well-established brands and consumer loyalty for providing relevant and modern fashion styles, making it difficult for the company to lure consumers to the Tu brand. Additionally, the Tu brand boasts 60 percent of its c urrent sales volumes stemming from impulse shoppers, meaning that consumers are not actively seeking to shop for clothing at Sainsbury’s market, instead purchasing whilst shopping in the supermarket for food products. Sainsbury’s corporate leadership recognises this shortcoming and points out that consumers have â€Å"tight budgets† and the business must â€Å"create outfits that catch attention† (The Guardian 2012, p.2). Sainsbury is also redeveloping the in-store experience to enhance the clothing shopping experience, adding fitting rooms and floor models that emulate the fashion floors of

Movie Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Movie Journal - Essay Example The movie introduces an aspect of love when Bliss falls in love with a guitarist, Oliver. However, Oliver heartbreaks Bliss by going on a tour around the states with his band. Another turning point suffices when the police unravel the scheme where some roller players like Bliss are underage. Bliss’s parents know about her involvement in Roller Derby. The movie brings the aspect of intimacy where Bliss and Oliver make love (Barrymore Film). Bliss thinks she is old enough to decide on herself while her mother keeps pampering her. Bliss gets heartbroken on realizing that Oliver is cheating on her and seeks comfort from her mother who coerced her to participate in the Blue Bonnet Pageant. However, the pageant and the roller derby match were taking place the same day and Bliss chose to participate in the pageant to please her mother. Nevertheless, Bliss’s father coerced Bliss to participate in the derby to the dismay of Bliss’s mother. Ultimately, Bliss pursues her pa ssion for Roller Derby (Barrymore Film). The movie shows how love supersedes pressure in one’s career and in sports as well as how roller derby solved Bliss’s emotional problems. The movie had 58 songs of different genres. Although the movie received positive reviews, it recorded financial losses thus becoming the greatest underdog sports movie. Personal Best is a 124 minutes movie directed and produced by Robert Towne in 1982 (Towne Film). The movie revolves around the lives of four sports women personalities and their efforts in trying to qualify for the American track-and-field team that would participate in the 1980 Olympic Games. During their preparations, Chris Cahill, a young experienced athlete meets, Tory Skinner, a more experienced athlete where Tory guides Chris on how to improve his performance to qualify for the American track-and-field team (Towne Film). Nevertheless, this generates conflict in the movie where Terry Tinghoff, the coach insists that Chris should only follow the coach’s advice. Moreover, the conflict and anger persists when Tory and Chris develop an intimate relationship and Chris further engages in a heterosexual relationship with Denny (Towne Film). Nevertheless, despite the athlete’s efforts to qualify for the American track-and-field team, United States announced its boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games for political reasons leaving the athletes with only their â€Å"personal best† records from the training sessions and a chattered sporting dream (Towne Film). The movie presents the complexity in relationships between coaches and athletes as well as the challenges of being a woman athlete. Indeed, the movie displays the position of sexuality in spots. More so, the movie depicts distinct sexual relationships in the training camp as well as rewards, uncertainties and risks involved in athletics (Towne Film). Although the movie did not succeed in the box-office, it attracted positive reviews and the refore making a good movie (Towne Film). Sugar is a 120 minutes sports drama film revolving around the life of a baseball player, Miguel (Sugar) (Boden Film). Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck directed and produced the film in 2008 where Miguel seeks to deliver his family from poverty by participating in professional baseball leagues (Boden Film). Indeed, his call to the United States' minor league system marked his breakthrough in sports when he was just 19 years old (Boden Film). As a

Cultural Sensitvity in Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural Sensitvity in Nursing - Assignment Example As a requirement, client centered care does place much emphasis on the nurses to put into consideration the cultural practices of their clients or patients and the culture of nursing and together find a way out on how these two separate cultures do affect the relationship between the patient and nurse or nurse-patient relationship. Various scholars have come up with good and comprehensively researched works on cultural sensitivity in nursing practices. We also have a guideline for this field dubbed the Professional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Guide which could help give necessary and useful information to a nursing professional. It is however important to note that even with all the proposed guidelines and key principles, there is no single acceptable way of dealing with all cultural diversities because of the unique aspects of individuals and cultures themselves. The only constant is that the needs of the client come first! Nurses should therefore work hard and smarter in pro viding a culturally sensitive care by recognizing how their perceptions with those of the client could be both similar and different. This paper thus seeks to highlight key points with short discussion based on an article presented by a scholar, Deborah Dysart-Gale PhD, RN dubbed â€Å"Cultural Sensitivity beyond Ethnicity: A Universal Precautions Model† on the same. Culturally Sensitive Health Care (Article Review) Research has dwelt on the healthcare related needs of certain chosen ethnic groups and linguistic minorities. This approach has been noted to present the practitioner with the risk of basing her or his work on essentialized and or stereotyped accounts of a given cultural group and in this regard end up overlooking the specific needs of special groups such as elderly, gay, and physically challenged, among others which are important groups in cross-cultural nursing practices. For this reason and others, there is still debate as to how a professional nurse should bes t learn and provide the culturally sensitive care (Dysart-Gale, 2006. An approach of providing education of healthcare and cultural practices that are commonly encountered in healthcare practice is proposed. However, the difficulty comes in choosing such a group to study when we have uncountable number of cultures that are both diverse and unique. This scholar argues against this kind of approach and instead supposes that these nursing practitioners could be made aware of the factors that do influence cultural behaviors from a universal point of view. In this regard, the author concurs with the universal precautions model used as a tool that promotes infection control. In this approach, all practitioners are advised to approach all their patients as if these patients were quite infectious for the blood borne diseases and this call upon them to act conscientiously so as to prevent any form of contamination. In practice, it has been prompted that all patients do need health teaching a s a way of imparting health literacy to them (Dysart-Gale, 2006. This model does give an opportunity to provide culturally appropriate care instead of the traditional practice of targeting specific characteristics of any one given culture. They thus do need to provide healthcare on the basis of an assumption of existence of cultural

Ownership and digital downloads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ownership and digital downloads - Essay Example They cannot hold any ownership rights other than those of using it. Technology has evolved with high speed and it attracts many people especially the youths who prefer to use online downloads as opposed to tangible sources. As result, people who have produced their content such as books, music and film are attracted to upload their content online for people to buy it and then download it. Sales are better online than on the stores as it is convenient, faster and accessible. The internet provides an easy method of sale but the prices are much lower than those of purchasing a tangible content such as a book, a CD or a tape. Books, CDs and tapes carry ownership rights and can be considered the buyers property as opposed to the online copy which ownership does not leave the copyright. In this case, you cannot be said to own something you cannot show or hold. Thus, the intellectual property belongs to the owner who produced it regardless of the rights granted to the person who downloads the content. Legally, the digital content cannot be bequeathed to other persons as gifts, selling or inheritance unlike tangible content like books which can be given out to siblings, friends or left as inheritance. For instance, if you love reading books and you have a collection of both tangible books and eBooks, you can give out your books or bequeath them in the event of your death but this will not be the case for eBooks. As such any digital content such as eBook, movies, music among other online content does not belong to you even if you have bought it and you reserve no rights over it. This includes even the paid-for digital content. Payment for the downloaded content is meant for enjoyment of privileges associated with reading, watching r listening to it and not for ownership. The copyright is protected by The Copyright Law to prevent users of their content from selling it as their own. Terms and conditions are given to the subscribers of the digital content that apart

Movie Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Movie Journal - Essay Example The movie introduces an aspect of love when Bliss falls in love with a guitarist, Oliver. However, Oliver heartbreaks Bliss by going on a tour around the states with his band. Another turning point suffices when the police unravel the scheme where some roller players like Bliss are underage. Bliss’s parents know about her involvement in Roller Derby. The movie brings the aspect of intimacy where Bliss and Oliver make love (Barrymore Film). Bliss thinks she is old enough to decide on herself while her mother keeps pampering her. Bliss gets heartbroken on realizing that Oliver is cheating on her and seeks comfort from her mother who coerced her to participate in the Blue Bonnet Pageant. However, the pageant and the roller derby match were taking place the same day and Bliss chose to participate in the pageant to please her mother. Nevertheless, Bliss’s father coerced Bliss to participate in the derby to the dismay of Bliss’s mother. Ultimately, Bliss pursues her pa ssion for Roller Derby (Barrymore Film). The movie shows how love supersedes pressure in one’s career and in sports as well as how roller derby solved Bliss’s emotional problems. The movie had 58 songs of different genres. Although the movie received positive reviews, it recorded financial losses thus becoming the greatest underdog sports movie. Personal Best is a 124 minutes movie directed and produced by Robert Towne in 1982 (Towne Film). The movie revolves around the lives of four sports women personalities and their efforts in trying to qualify for the American track-and-field team that would participate in the 1980 Olympic Games. During their preparations, Chris Cahill, a young experienced athlete meets, Tory Skinner, a more experienced athlete where Tory guides Chris on how to improve his performance to qualify for the American track-and-field team (Towne Film). Nevertheless, this generates conflict in the movie where Terry Tinghoff, the coach insists that Chris should only follow the coach’s advice. Moreover, the conflict and anger persists when Tory and Chris develop an intimate relationship and Chris further engages in a heterosexual relationship with Denny (Towne Film). Nevertheless, despite the athlete’s efforts to qualify for the American track-and-field team, United States announced its boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games for political reasons leaving the athletes with only their â€Å"personal best† records from the training sessions and a chattered sporting dream (Towne Film). The movie presents the complexity in relationships between coaches and athletes as well as the challenges of being a woman athlete. Indeed, the movie displays the position of sexuality in spots. More so, the movie depicts distinct sexual relationships in the training camp as well as rewards, uncertainties and risks involved in athletics (Towne Film). Although the movie did not succeed in the box-office, it attracted positive reviews and the refore making a good movie (Towne Film). Sugar is a 120 minutes sports drama film revolving around the life of a baseball player, Miguel (Sugar) (Boden Film). Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck directed and produced the film in 2008 where Miguel seeks to deliver his family from poverty by participating in professional baseball leagues (Boden Film). Indeed, his call to the United States' minor league system marked his breakthrough in sports when he was just 19 years old (Boden Film). As a

Ownership and digital downloads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ownership and digital downloads - Essay Example They cannot hold any ownership rights other than those of using it. Technology has evolved with high speed and it attracts many people especially the youths who prefer to use online downloads as opposed to tangible sources. As result, people who have produced their content such as books, music and film are attracted to upload their content online for people to buy it and then download it. Sales are better online than on the stores as it is convenient, faster and accessible. The internet provides an easy method of sale but the prices are much lower than those of purchasing a tangible content such as a book, a CD or a tape. Books, CDs and tapes carry ownership rights and can be considered the buyers property as opposed to the online copy which ownership does not leave the copyright. In this case, you cannot be said to own something you cannot show or hold. Thus, the intellectual property belongs to the owner who produced it regardless of the rights granted to the person who downloads the content. Legally, the digital content cannot be bequeathed to other persons as gifts, selling or inheritance unlike tangible content like books which can be given out to siblings, friends or left as inheritance. For instance, if you love reading books and you have a collection of both tangible books and eBooks, you can give out your books or bequeath them in the event of your death but this will not be the case for eBooks. As such any digital content such as eBook, movies, music among other online content does not belong to you even if you have bought it and you reserve no rights over it. This includes even the paid-for digital content. Payment for the downloaded content is meant for enjoyment of privileges associated with reading, watching r listening to it and not for ownership. The copyright is protected by The Copyright Law to prevent users of their content from selling it as their own. Terms and conditions are given to the subscribers of the digital content that apart

Abercrombie & FItch vs American Eagle Essay Example for Free

Abercrombie FItch vs American Eagle Essay INTRODUCTION Fashion may be defined as a way of living, decorating, etc., which is popular today, but will soon lose their popularity. It is something passing and temporary, a simple craze of the moment to be looked down upon with dislike. For example, tight pants are the fashion today, but only a short while ago broad loose pants were the order of the day. If today a man appears in society wearing broad pants, he would be held up to ridicule, but only a few years ago they were the height of fashion, symbols of good taste and culture. American Eagle Outfitters (AEO) and Abercrombie Fitch (AF) are two companies that play a major role in the clothing industry. The following discussion with compare and contrast the competitive advantages of the supply chain of the two companies. COMPANY HISTORY AEO American Eagle Outfitters, Inc., a billion dollar corporation, is ranked as one of the largest retail chains in America. With their central corporate headquarters in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and two other corporate facilities located in New York City and Tokyo, Japan, American Eagle, Inc. operates numerous mainline stores, factory stores, franchised stores, and distribution centers across the country and the globe. In 1977, brothers, Jerry and Mark Silverman, who owned and operated Silverman’s Menswear, a Retail Ventures, Inc. company, founded American Eagle Outfitters. Opening their first store in Novi, Michigan at Twelve Oaks Mall, the Silverman brothers were hoping to diversify their menswear line (AEO Management Co., 2013). Several stores were opened up and a catalog was created. American Eagle Outfitters continued to grow into 1990, when Jacob Price took over which led to the introduction of casual, private-label merchandise for men and women. In 1994, American Eagle Outfitters became  part of the NASDAQ stock exchange, which enabled the opening of 90 stores the following year (AEO Management Co., 2013). In 1996, new executives joined AEO and decided to modify the target demographics of the target market and reach more women, as well as focus on those who were between the ages of 18 and 32. Shortly after, American Eagle expanded to e-commerce with ae.com. By 2000, American Eagle operated 500 stores and revenues for the company quintupled to $1 billion. The Canadian market was penetrated in 2001 and in 2003 American Eagle expanded to Hawaii. Aerie, a brand extension of American Eagle, focusing on intimates for women, was launched in 2006. Another line extension, 77kids, which offered clothing for babies to pre-teen girls and boys, was established online in 2008 and the first 77kids store was opened in 2010. Today, American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. operates over 1,000 stores, including 911 American Eagle Outfitters stores, 158 Aerie stores, and 21 77Kids stores, 21 of which are franchised around the globe. Additionally, ae.com, which includes links to Aerie and 77kids, reaches 77 countries. American Eagle Outfitters offers apparel, shoes, and accessories for both men and women. Clothing merchandise is comprised of denims, sweaters, graphic T’s, fleece and sweatshirts, outerwear, tops and shirts, dresses, and skirts. Shoe merchandise includes sneakers, boots, flats, sandals, slippers, clogs, heals, loafers and socks. Accessories merchandise consists of jewelry, hats, sunglasses, scarves, bags, perfume and cologne, purses, and wallets. Aerie offers merchandise for college girls that include dorm wear, such as sweats and pajamas, exercise apparel, bras, underwear, accessories, and some personal care items. 77kids offers apparel for infants, children, and preteen girls and boys (AEO Management Co., 2013). AF Abercrombie Fitch originated in 1891 as a retail sporting goods store based in New York City. It was known for its wide variety of expensive and often exotic sporting equipment and attire, ranging from tennis shoes to elephant guns. For more than half a century, the store’s apparel, guns, tackle, and other merchandise were the image of wealth and prestige. When it expanded, the firm confined its new branch stores to downtown areas of large cities and to resort areas. In the early 1970s, Abercrombie Fitch attempted to widen its customer base by adding less-expensive items to its usual stock and by moving into the suburbs, where other stores had been building for some time. Although these steps did attract new customers, they came too late; Abercrombie Fitch was in financial trouble and filed for bankruptcy in 1976 after 85 years in business (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2013). Oshman’s Sporting Goods, Inc. bought the firm in1978. In 1988 Abercrombie Fitch was bought by The Limited, Inc (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2013). Repositioned as the trademarked â€Å"casual luxury† brand, it became parent to the subsidiary brands Abercrombie kids, a children’s line launched in 1998 and marketed as Abercrombie; Hollister Co., a line for younger teens launched in 2000; RUEHL No. 925, a line targeting post-graduates l aunched in 2004; and Gilly Hicks, a women’s line launched in 2008. Following Abercrombie Fitch’s overhaul, the company received significant criticism for its advertising and its clothing, which were perceived by many as encouraging its target audience to adopt a sexually promiscuous lifestyle (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2013). MISSION STATEMENT AEO American Eagle has a clearly defined set of corporate values which guides the actions of employees at all levels of the AE organization: PEOPLE The vitality of our company resides in our people. We collaborate, we engage, we achieve (About.com, 2013). INTEGRITY We hold ourselves accountable to the highest standards. In the face of difficulties and challenges, we dont compromise (About.com, 2013). PASSION Our passion infuses our actions and purpose. It transforms stores into places of energy and customer delight (About.com, 2013). INNOVATION We operate in a dynamic and competitive industry. We continually refine the unique processes that drive our business, and we use insightful research and analysis to balance our instinct and to guide our decisions. Our associates embody entrepreneurial spirit, develop creative solutions, and initiate change (About.com, 2013). TEAMWORK We work together listening to one another, reaching consensus and supporting group decisions. We celebrate achievements. Because we respect and trust one another and commit ourselves to our company goals, our teamwork succeeds (About.com, 2013). Additionally American Eagle has a service goal that guides employees in their everyday retailing tasks: â€Å"We respond to the needs of our customer and enjoy the satisfaction of a job well done (About.com, 2013). AF â€Å"Abercrombie and Fitch focuses upon high-quality merchandise that compliments the casual classic American lifestyle (About.com, 2013).†   But beyond that simple mission statement, Abercrombie Fitch emphasizes its brand vision, brand attributes, and the value of the Abercrombie Fitch brand, which has been of ultimate importance since CEO Mike Jeffries took on the leadership role. Abercrombie Fitch has said this about its brand to its stakeholders: â€Å"The AF brand is more authentic and relevant than ever. The brand is our lifestyle, our focus—it ensures growth and promises stability. A great brand is a center of growth and revenue—it represents a relationship with customers. It’s not a faddish chip to be cashed in on shortsighted gains. The value of having a great brand is far-reaching and cannot be overstated—it’s a snowball effect. The AF label gives us the ability to evolve, creating endless growth opportunities. It helps us attract the brightest, most talented young people from around the country. It attracts millions to our website. It allows for greater profit margins. It lessens the risk of moving on new business concepts. It promotes innovation. It ensures long-term profitability. It adds built-in value to everything we produce. It accelerates growth. It stabilizes. It gives focus and direction. It produces an emotional response in consumers (About.com, 2013).† Comparing these two mission statements, it is clear that American Eagle Outfitters is focused more on just their merchandise, unlike Abercrombie Fitch. AEO has a passion not only for their brand and employees but their consumers as well. While AF, is only focused on their brand not on the  operational execution of its employees, or the experience of its customers. This holds true of AF because recently their CEO, Mike Jeffries, came under fire for reportedly saying they only target to â€Å"thin and beautiful people† which is why they do not sell or make any size over 10 or large for women. Mike Jeffries has said, â€Å"That’s why we hire good-looking people because good-looking people attract other good-looking people, and we want to market to cool, good-looking people. We don’t market to anyone other than that (Walker, 2013).† On AF’s website, they claim to embrace diversity throughout the entire organization but what Mike Jeffries has been quoted saying, is contradictory of what the company claims they are about. â€Å"We are committed to embracing the diversity of our associates and management throughout our organization. On the surface, our dedication to maintaining a diverse working and shopping environment can be easily seen by walking through one of our stores, domestically and internationally. More notably, Abercrombie Fitch’s commitment can be seen through our exceptional diversity programs, whether they are internal or external, and the results they yield. Diversity reflects the multidimensional insights we share collectively. Simply put, it is imperative to our growth that we staff our business with diverse talent and run our business with an inclusive mindset (Abercrombie Fitch, 2013).† SUPPLY CHAIN AEO American Eagle Outfitters strategy to improve apparel factory working conditions starts with factory inspections based on their Vendor Code of Conduct. They then focus on remediating the issues they find during those inspections, which often includes additional factory training and capacity building programs (AEO Management Co., 2013). They partner with other brands and retailers, multi-stakeholder organizations, civil society groups, trade unions, governments, and others to better understand and address what is happening in the factories and countries where their clothes are made. By working together, they strive to  collectively develop more sustainable solutions to the problems they find (AEO Management Co., 2013). Finally, they are committed to being obvious about how they are doing. By reporting publicly on their efforts, this is one of the many ways they ensure that they remain focused on their goals, disciplined in their efforts, and accountability for their performance (AEO Management Co., 2013). AF Abercrombie Fitch has very tight control over the design and manufacturing of their clothing. To help the company keep control, have higher margins and protect the brand, they design their own ranges which are manufactured exclusively for AF. The head office for AF is located in Ohio and is called â€Å"The Campus†. At this location, there is a center known as the â€Å"Innovative Design Center†. Here, a dedicated team uses over 100 wash, quality assurance, lab and graphic machines (Webb, 2009). They are responsible for merchandise design and development. â€Å"Design packages† were created by the company to reduce the time and cost of product development (Webb, 2009). These design packages are then given to the vendors. By keeping strict control over design, manufacturing and product development, the company is able to protect the brand from being copied and having the image damaged. By having greater control, it allows AF to deliver on their promise to the customer and consumer. This in turn creates a relationship based on trust and gives them a competitive advantage. Again, with Abercrombie Fitch, they are more focused on keeping control of their brand and image, while American Eagle Outfitters are trying to improve factory conditions for their workers. This once again proves that AF does not care about their people. CONCLUSION In summary, Abercrombie Fitch and American Eagle Outfitters play a significant role in the clothing industry. While AF’s practices are some  what contradictory and outlandish, AEO remains the opposite. AF needs to take a cue from AEO and focus more on their consumers than just their brand. There is no question why it is that AEO is ranked at 649 on the Fortune 1000 List and AF is trailing behind them at 651 (Salesforce, 2013). Works Cited Abercrombie Fitch. (2013). Diversity Commitment. Retrieved from AF Cares: http://www.anfcares.org/diversity/commitment.jsp About.com. (2013). Abercrombie Fitch Mission Statement. Retrieved from About.com: http://retailindustry.about.com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/AbercrombieFitch-Mission-Statement.htm About.com. (2013). American Eagle Company Mission Statement. Retrieved from About.com: http://retailindustry.about.com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/American-Eagle-Mission-Values.htm AEO Management Co. (2013). AEO History. Retrieved from American Eagle Outfitters: http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=81256p=irol-history AEO Management Co. (2013). AEO Supply Chain. Retrieved from American Eagle Outfitters: http://www.ae.com/web/corpResp/supply_chain/our_strategy.jsp Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (2013). Abercrombie Fitch. Retrieved from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1121/Abercrombie-F itch Salesforce. (2013). Fortune 1000 Company List. Retrieved from Data.com Connect: https://connect.data.com/directory/company/fortune/1000 Walker, T. (2013, May 08). Not available in XL. Retrieved from The Indepedent: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/not-available-in-xl-abercrombiefitch-ceo-mike-jeffries-accused-of-only-wanting-thin-and-beautiful-people-8608022.html Webb, B. (2009). Managing the Fashion Brand Case Study Assignment.

Individual Needs of a Child

Individual Needs of a Child Alysha Lloyd Early Years Level 3 Unit 1 – A Unique Child It is very obvious that all children can learn, but not all children learn in the same way, at the same time or at the same rate learning is an individual process and therefore not every child will be learning in the same way or at the same rate. To help children learn it is very important to meet children’s diverse learning needs which can lead to more effective and efficient learning. Meeting a child’s diverse learning needs means identifying needs, developing individual goals and objectives for a child, selecting or designing appropriate supports and services, and then choosing the best learning setting. Combining and evaluating these things based upon your individual child will allow you to create a individual and more efficient learning process for that child. As a practitioner, you have a responsibility to your key children to provide appropriate activities for the age and stage of development of each child to help them develop further in all areas; growth, development and learning. Each child needs individualised care and this is what the EY strives to achieve with the focus on ‘A Unique Child’. With all those unique children in your key group, you have to take into consideration that when you conduct an adult-led activity you may have set an overall aim for the activity, yet each child will not respond to the activity in the same way and will need an individual outcome and therefore, it is important to think about, plan for, and interact with the individual, as well as the group as a whole. You have to consider the range of children’s styles, social interactions and personalities: †¢ Some are quiet; others are noisy †¢ Some like to spend time by themselves; others are the life of the party †¢ Some are shy; others are outgoing †¢ Some are active; others are reserved †¢ Some enter into new situations easily; others like to stand back and watch There also other things to take into consideration, for example, cultural and language backgrounds, life experiences, temperament, interests, skills and talents that can all influence how a child learns. Due to all these possible contributing factors, all practitioners should use a process called differentiation which means that activities, planning, resources and environments should be adapted to suit the individual needs of a child and allow them to participate and gain the most from each experience. Once you have taken the child’s unique needs into consideration and applied this to your planning and how you conduct your activities, you will see how each child will benefit in their learning. The benefit of meeting a child’s individual needs means that each child will gain the most from each activity and therefore are more likely to learn and develop at a more efficient rate based upon their needs. The amount a child will learn and gain from an activity will be affected by what the activity has been based upon; it has been advised that practitioners should follow a cycle of planning, observation and assessment. Children often learn and develop best when they are doing something that they enjoy, so if you observe them doing this, assess their skills and capabilities, you can then plan what’s best next for that child. This process will benefit that individual child, as the next activity planned for them will be something they enjoy participating in, are capable of achieving and are therefore more likely to learn more from that activity. Staff should place observation, planning and assessment at the heart of their practice and this process should be seen as a continuous cycle in supporting babies and young children’s development. Once you incorporate this cycle into your daily planning as a key worker, you will quickly see the benefits in your key children. An essential part of your responsibility for meeting children’s individual needs will require all children to be treated fairly and equally and to make sure there is no discriminatory practice happening. When anti-discriminatory practice is spoken about is important to be aware of three very important terms; Equality, Diversity, Inclusion; equality meaning that everyone is treated equally, diversity is recognising individual’s characteristics and differences and inclusion makes sure that all children can participate fully in their environment. Discrimination is taken very serious within early years setting and many laws and â€Å"acts† have been created to protect children from discrimination as a whole, the most famous being ‘The Children Act 1989’ and ‘The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)’. These acts are now used as guidance to make everyone aware that the rights that must be realised for children to develop their full pot ential, free from hunger, neglect and abuse. It’s a new vision of the child; a vision of a child as an individual and as a member of a family and community, with rights and responsibilities appropriate to their age and stage of development. In order to provide an inclusive child care setting that celebrates diversity and does not discriminate against children and their families, the setting should ensure that the following things are taken into consideration and applied to all areas of practice: Accessibility equality parental children’s activities are accessible to all parents all children, making sure everyone can equally participate regardless of the capabilities, culture or background. Realisation of diversity activities in the child care setting help children to realise that they are part of a world where people’s backgrounds and experiences are diverse Provide positive images – Materials on display in nursery should help overcome stereotyping expectations by displaying all sorts of children from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds Celebration celebrations of multicultural festivals and events should take place in settings regardless of whether children would celebrate them at home. Activities reflect the diversity of background of all of the families represented in the community Avoiding stereotyping – Restricting girls from being more adventurous and boisterous and boys from being more sensitive and caring. Stereotyping can restrict possibilities in the future development by limiting expectations Make each child feel individual – Appreciating children for who they are and celebrating the characteristics that do make them different Treat all children equally but not the same – adapting the way you work with children to suit their needs therefore making sure they have the right opportunities. For example, adapting your activity for two children who are capable of different levels of achievement. Staff members must challenge their own views and beliefs and not portray any prejudices to the children, as the way in which adults treat children and behave can have a huge influence on them. Children should be encouraged to identify their own unique characteristics and those that are similar to other children. This will help them to feel comfortable within their own skin and value their own individual characteristics. They will also feel more positive about their own culture and background, gaining emotional well-being. This is also good practice in promoting diversity, as children will be more accepting of others who are different to them. Diversity should also be promoted throughout the nursery environment, so children should play with different toys from different cultures, they should celebrate a range of festivals and cultural celebrations within their setting and their also should be a range of photos and displays to help promote and celebrate diversity. It is highly importan t for staff to constantly promote diversity so that children are comfortable within their own skin, can celebrate their cultural background but also not be prejudice against others. It is essential that practitioners are aware of promoting children’s physical and emotional well-being. The emotional health of children and young people is increasingly recognised as being highly important to the wellbeing and future prospects of individuals. Children and young people’s emotional health is a cornerstone of all the Every Child Matters outcomes. Children who are emotionally healthy achieve more, participate more fully with their peers and community, engage in less risky behaviour and cope better with the adversities they may face from time to time. Emotional health in childhood has important implications for health and social outcomes in adult life (Mental Health Foundation. 1999. Bright Futures. London: Mental Health Foundation). The development of emotional health starts before a child is born, and the first two years of life are a critical period for laying the foundations for emotional health throughout childhood and into adult life. Emotional health is nurtured primarily in the home, but we know that practitioners and services can and do make a difference. To help promote the health and well-being of all children, acts have been written so that everyone can focus on the importance of what is best for each unique child. â€Å"The Children Act 1989† was written to help promote empowerment for children, making sure that they are involved in decisions that can affect themselves. The main points of â€Å"The Children Act 1989† relevant to working in early years are: The well-being of the child is of paramount importance children should be safe and secure within a setting and this should be a feeling shared with parents. When children feel safe and secure it is more likely that they will feel more happy and have a better emotional; well-being. Children should have their own race, culture, language and religion valued and respected – this can be explored through the celebration of diversity and individuality. Childrens feelings and opinions should be listened to – making them feel like they are important and special, linking in them to feel secure and safe. Provision should be made to meet the individual needs of children and their families – communication between staff and parents to ensure all child’s needs and interests are catered for therefore a child can get the best care available allowing them good emotional and physical well-being. Keeping children safe is essential in promoting a child’s physical well-being and once a child feels safe within their environment, they will feel more secure and confident to go and explore independently. Practitioners can promote well-being within settings by giving children the opportunity to make their own choices and decisions. Giving them these opportunities allows children to develop self-confidence and awareness, as well as learning to manage feelings and behaviour. The EYFS ‘A Unique Child’ promotes children as independent learners; this can begin from an early age as young as babies, exploring news things using their senses and as they become older, children can be given the opportunity to learn about keeping themselves safe. Practitioners can empower children, giving them choices and encouraging them to make decisions. This should include when children decide that they do not wish to participate in activities. This opportunity to say ‘no’ w ill empower a child and enable them to become a confident individual. This is important for their personal confidence and emotional well-being. Promoting independence and decision making from an early age and continuing this throughout childhood will contribute to a young person and adult who is confident, independent and assertive. As practitioners we have to be aware that all children are different and unique and this cannot be overlooked. If we do not take this into consideration it can have a large impact on not only the learning and development achieved by the child, but also their emotional and physical well-being. The EYFS theme ‘A Unique Child’ with the individual child at the heart of curriculum and planning, is a key part of all early years settings, therefore benefiting the value of each child. Whilst considering each child as an individual, we not only take into consideration their needs but the ideas of anti-discriminatory practice, helping their emotional and physical well-being. Information Sources Department of Education and Early Childhood Development http://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/providers/regulation/childindivneeds.pdf Alberta Education http://education.alberta.ca/media/448912/Chapter3.pdf Education Scotland http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/Images/12assessment_tcm4-637896.pdf UNICEF – Convention on the rights of the child http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_protecting.html The National Strategies of Early Years http://www.foundationyears.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/SEAD_Guidance_For_Practioners.pdf

The Fairytale of Alice Walkers Color Purple Essay -- Color Purple Ess

The Fairytale of The Color Purple It is important for one to distinguish between the "real" outcome of economic achievement as described in The Color Purple by the lynching of Celie's father, and its "alternative" economic view presented at the end of the novel depicting Celie's happiness and entrepreneurial success. To distinguish between these outcomes it is necessary to relate the novel to two Models (Historical and Empirical Data, Manners and Customs) of representation in the "real" and "alternative" worlds of The Color Purple. By focusing on the letters describing the lynching of Celie's father, and the letter describing Celie's economic stability and happiness (found in last letter), we will have established a clear distinction between the real and alternative worlds in relation to the economic situations presented throughout the novel. Manners and customs in the "real" generally work to maintain order, decorum, and stability. Within the novel the reality was that blacks had to work for whites on whatever terms were available. When using manners and customs to depict the real world of the novel, it is evident we are examining an external world based in a society where the white oppressor governs the oppressed black populace. The economic realities of white land ownership, near-monopoly of technical and business skills and control of financial institutions was in fact the accepted norm (Sowell 48). When presenting the term fact - we must account for the introduction of a second model, "historical and empirical data" in representing the real world of The Color Purple. As illustrated in the pages of American history books, it is evide... ...ntity with which the novel leaves us uses fairytale explanations of social relations to represent an alternative world. This fairy tale embraces America for providing the black nation with the right and the opportunity to own land, to participate in the free market, and to profit from it. Indeed The Color Purple is a fairytale; a world in which sexual exploitation can easily be overcome; and a world of unlimited access to material well-being (Hooks 223). By emphasizing on the letter dealing with the lynching of Celie's father and the last letter of the novel establishing Celie's economic independence we have illustrated the real and alternative worlds in relation to the economic prosperity of the black individual. Thus creating an illusionary fantasy world by combining or mediating between the novel's social realism and its alternative.

Why People Write? :: essays papers

Why People Write? People write for many reasons. They write to educate, , and to entertain to express their feelings of emotions of joy or sadness, also to preserve history In Maya Angelou’s story â€Å"Graduation† in Fields of Reading she teaches us about racism in the south in the 1940’s. Angelou writes about how schools in the south were segregated. Black students were deprived of resources to enable students to learn. While schools were endowed with all the resources needed for a prominent education. They were going to have the newest microscopes and chemistry equipment for their laboratory.1 Not only does Maya Angelou write about lack of resources in the black schools she also writes that even after the students graduated that they merely going to be carpenter, athletes and entertainers. †¦and our boys ( the girls weren’t even on it) would try to be Jesse Owenses and Joe Louises.2 Maya Angelou is not the only writer who wrote to educate her readers. Prince Modupe who wrote The Royal African, educated people about his culture, his religion and how power among his people was passed down through women. Prince Modupe tells us about how his courage was tested by the elders by fighting with leopards. this is the way a youths courage was tested by the elders of the community. I am that youth whose courage was tested in hand to hand combat with a leopard.3 Prince Modupe also talks about how everything is passed down through the women from generation to generation. These things consisting of property, rights, and even the succession to the throne. .Our nations system was matriarchal. Grandfather sat the throne because there was no female successor for the office in his mother’s family†¦descended through women.4 Another writer who writes to educate is Martin Luther King. He writes about racism and about non-violence in the United States in the 1960’s. King speaks of liberalism and neo-orthodoxy. King says that these two theories are inadequate. Man needs a reason as much as he needs God. Liberalism was too sentimental concerning human nature and that it leaned toward a false idealism. On the other hand he says that neo-orthodoxy fell as the mood of anti-rationalism and semi-fundamentalism , ( stressing a narrow biblicism). While I saw neo-orthodoxy as a helpful corrective for a sentimental liberalism,†¦ If liberalism was too optimistic†¦neo-orthodoxy was too pessimistic. 5 People also write to entertain, whether it be a funny quote or a full comedy to

Strategic Planning and Google

Google is able to achieve the perfect combination of Business, Organizational and IS strategies. Its business strategy focuses on delivering superior technology solutions coupled with a work environment that encourages innovation. Google’s IS strategy involves building state of the art applications, networks and security architecture that facilitate the flow of information throughout the organization. Google is able to balance all three aspects of the IS triangle and as a result has dominated the online search and advertising market. 1.How is Google’s mission statement related to its business strategy? Google’s primary goal is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful (mission statement). Its Business Strategy is to create applications that provide value to wide variety to consumers. By creating these applications, Google is able to provide on-demand access to huge volumes of information to consumers. 2. How does Goo gle’s information systems strategy support its business strategy? As part of its IS strategy Google has built an IT infrastructure that allows data sharing across the organization.Google also favors the use of open source software and internally developed tools to drive innovation and collaboration. Google also allows employees to choose applications according to their preferences and business needs. Google also implements network level security that allows users to maintain freedom of communication. 3. How does Google’s organizational strategy support its business strategy? Google has created a modern organization structure that encourages creative thinking instead of rigid corporate structures.Employees are encouraged to take a day from a week to explore their ideas. Google also tends to implement projects with definite goals and deadlines to ensure accountability and performance. Its work culture encourages risk taking and timely decision making. Google’s org anizational strategy tends to concentrate on practical applications of its products instead of the traditional corporate focus on controlling costs. 4. Which of Porter’s three generic strategies does Google appear to be using based on this case? Provide a rationale for your response.In my opinion, among Porters three generic Strategies, Focus is more relevant to Google. Online advertising has remained as the prime target for Google’s products. With its Android mobile products Google has applied the concepts of Differentiation focus to set itself apart from its competitors. Google has steadily maintained its status as a powerhouse by focusing on mobile and online search and advertising. 5. Using D’Aveni’s Hypercompetitive Framework, analyze Google’s strategy and the type of market disruption it has created.Google was quick to realize that its leadership in online search engine market would come under intense fire from its competitors. Google has mov ed rapidly to develop and acquire emerging technology to constantly fill its pipeline with more exciting products. Google has become the largest mobile operating system vendor and has partnered with a large number of device makers to launch cutting-edge products. Google has focused on pushing the envelope on cloud based computing and in one of the leading vendors of cloud based applications and services.

Nature and Importance of the Study Essay

Trisales Business Systems Corporation, built for almost 30 years already, is a company engaged in the business of retailing office equipment. Such equipment range from Photocopying machine, Fax machines, down to smaller ones such as calculators and electronic typewriters. Their main suppliers include big names in the appliance industry including Sharp Philippines, Copier Online, Epyon Corporation, Panasonic and Sanyo. TBSC is a small to medium in size. All in all, the company consist of no more than 50 employees, including the staff and the people in the managerial levels. They cater to a number of clients around the Cebu province. TBSC is located in Ramos St., Cebu City. The main aim of sales and stock inventory system is to hold the inventory records accurately and a healthier sales transactions with their costumers and suppliers. Manual recording is really giving them hard time in going thru further for their business. And because they include big names in the appliance industry with a number of clients around the Cebu province, they need to provide an accurate records of their transactions including their inventory as much as well. They also want to have a more secure business flow, and for a well-organized inventory and transaction records. To necessary avoid chaos when it comes to storing information. They believe that having a healthy system for their company is another way of showing their professionalism in the business industry. Statement of the Problem Below specified are the current problems faced by the Trisales Business System Corporation: i) Time consuming transactions and inventory process Without a system, recording transactions and conducting inventory is one of the most difficult and time-consuming job for their company. Their employees are spending most of his/her time jotting down all transactions for the day. By the end of the month, or whenever the company conducts the inventory of stocks, they have to dig through a whole pile of files to determine the number of sales from the previous workdays, to match it with the results of the inventory. ii) Inaccurate inventory of stocks and sales TBSC nowadays is still using the manual recording of informations and data for their business. This causes their records in transactions and stocks to be misguided, filed inappropriately and cluttered. As result, there is difficulty in retrieving data, making analysis and making adjustments to the records. iii) Unsecured records of data and informations The manual system of recording data in TBSC, to be direct to the point, unsecured. Anytime, it may get lost, edited or faded which is more prone to miscalculations and causing incorrect changes to the records. iv) Stocks outs and excesses of stocks in inventory Shortages in the stock inventory can result in product delays to customers which will reduce their expectations to the company. A poor forecasting in the inventory is also leading them in excesses of stocks that results in additional costs to the organization in storage costs and funds tied up in unused stocks. If the company do not use inventory quickly after purchasing, the business will begin to lose money on the materials just because of their slow and unorganized scheme. Objective of the System The main objective of this study is to obtain answers to the questions stated above. We want to know the problems encountered by TBSC employees with regards to their information storing and accessing. Furthermore, we want to demonstrate how the system focuses on those information can be a determinant to improve customer service in Trisales Business Systems Corporation. A proposed solution to the problem: i) To achieve a hassle-free, time bounded transactions and inventory process for the employees in-charge. That would lessen their time in spending on the process of doing transactions and inventory records. Equals more time for doing other productive tasks and to help create a healthier and more productive environment for TBSC. ii) To determine and to minimize the errors in recording transaction and informations. Since TBSC is a growing company, the system will not only stores data, but also does analysis on day to day company transactions. iii) To secured the company important files and records by having a log-in and password boxes as a gatekeeper. Also to prevent from editing forms and important data such as dates and amounts. iv) To control excesses of stock and to prevent stock outs. The system will function to update and arrange the stocks inventory in the appropriate order to give the precise count of their products to prevent excessing and stock outs in further. Significance of the study To the TBSC and Company The planned system significance is to minimize errors and confusion of the employees in recording. Importantly to organize and to give accurate records of the inventory and transactions, for the company to built-up in the industry. Mostly to give stand and to serve the customer’s wants on further. To the fellow researcher The significance of this system is to give a vivid inner view on how the nature of technology will help our career along the way. To embolden researchers who has the same field as mine. There’s no easy way of having this study but it would be the best ever pleasure when that almost everyone in a company is using your programmed system. To the proponents The significance of this study is to support everyone in the field of technology, and to stretch a bit of my knowledge in this field. This will serves as the proponents guide as they embrace the same field as mine. Importantly to give a healthier deal in the business industry. Scope and Limitations Scope of the project The proposed system generally on the sales and stock inventory of the Trisales Business System Corporation. The system purpose is for the regular transactions and operation of their sales and inventory. The proposed system could minimize the problems stumble upon the company records of important data. These are the scope for the proposed system: i) Can build account Employees could have their accounts, especially the person who’s in charge with the sales transactions and stocks inventory. ii) Accumulating Products Through the system, adding new products for the business is more appropriate. The person in charge would just simply input the asked information to the system example: product id, product description, date delivered, pieces ect. The inputted information for the new product will be stored in the database, and could also easily access by the system. iii) Can manage sales transactions The proposed system can manage sales. For example the client requested for a new office supply/product from TBSC. The system will simply ask the user to input some important data from the client and the system will automatically store it. The stored data and information can be used for further transactions with the client. Limitations Below are the possible limits of the proposed program for Trisales Business System and Corporation: Registration in the system is done only by the administrator or the person in charge. Does not support network and internet topology, or online transactions. Storing of informations is limited, only important and the specified information in the system are allowed Multi-tasking could possibly done, but only for the given system for example; Entering data for the new arrived supplies while having the purchasing transaction. Could go through compatibility issues while installing the system. Because of the programmed used in creating the system. Review of Related Literature Chapter II This chapter will be discussing the findings of related research to this study. It will provide a discussion on the significance of this study to the existing literature. Moreover, this chapter will discuss several issues regarding sales and stock inventory system development and based on the existing literatures. The following discussion chronicles the subject of inventory systems. Theoretical Background The theoretical background is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The knowledge organization by way of theoretical background has two disciplinary root Related Literature This chapter represents the review on related literature regarding topic about the Sales and Stock Inventory System. Review of Related Literature In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life which is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technological environment and the end-user is society in general. The fast growing trend and innovation in technologies today prompts researchers to conduct studies about the efficiency of system program. This Chapter presents a brief review of literature and studies, both local and foreign that is related to these studies.